[Pubmed] Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders and their overlap with myasthenia gravis in a single center in Argentin

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Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2025 Sep 3;103:106719. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2025.106719. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The incidence of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) in association with other autoimmune diseases is frequent. The coexistence of myasthenia gravis (MG) and NMOSD has been reported, showing a higher-than-expected likelihood of co-occurrence. The aim of this study is to describe the overlap between NMOSD and MG and to analyze these cases within two large real-world cohorts of patients with AQP4 antibody-positive NMOSD and AChR antibody-positive MG in Argentina.

METHODS: A cross-sectional, retrospective study was conducted at a referral center in Buenos Aires, Argentina, including patients with AQP4-Ab-positive NMOSD and AChR-Ab-positive MG.

RESULTS: A total of 389 medical records were reviewed: 108 NMOSD and 281 MG cases. Among them, 77 patients were AQP4-IgG positive, and 207 were AChR-Ab positive. Three out of 77 AQP4-IgG-positive patients had MG with AChR-Ab positivity, accounting for 3.89% of NMOSD cases. Conversely, three out of 207 AChR-Ab-positive MG patients (1.45 %) had AQP4-IgG-positive antibodies. Patients with concurrent MG and NMOSD were female, had a late onset of NMOSD, and experienced MG onset before NMOSD. They also showed a good response to NMOSD treatment with immunosuppressive therapy. Two patients had undergone thymectomy before NMOSD onset. No patient was receiving immunosuppressive treatment at the time of NMOSD onset.

CONCLUSIONS: A total of 3.89 % of AQP4-Ab-positive NMOSD patients had overlapping AChR-Ab-positive MG. This is the first report assessing the association between NMOSD and MG in Argentinian and Latin American (LATAM) patients.

PMID:40934847 | DOI:10.1016/j.msard.2025.106719


Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4093484 ... t9+e462414