[Pubmed] Serum Neurofilament Light Chain Correlates With Clinical Severity and Predicts Mortality in Anti-IgLON5 Disease

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Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2025 Nov;12(6):e200498. doi: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000200498. Epub 2025 Oct 8.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Anti-IgLON5 disease manifests by various neurologic symptoms, the severity of which can be evaluated using the anti-IgLON5 composite score (ICS). This study assessed the correlation of neurofilament light chain (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) with the ICS and investigated these biomarkers as predictors of long-term clinical severity and mortality in anti-IgLON5 disease.

METHODS: Patients diagnosed with anti-IgLON5 disease at a national reference center (2016-2024) with available serum and CSF samples were included. NfL and GFAP concentrations were measured in these samples using Simoa assay Neurology 2-Plex B Kit. The severity of symptoms was classified according to the ICS, which was retrospectively evaluated at diagnosis, at last clinical evaluation, and at any other timepoint when samples were collected.

RESULTS: Thirty patients (60% male, median age 72 years) were included. Serum NfL concentration was significantly correlated with the total ICS (rho = 0.38, p = 0.025) and its partial bulbar score (rho = 0.39, p = 0.020); serum GFAP concentration was significantly correlated only with the bulbar ICS (rho = 0.34, p = 0.044). CSF NfL and GFAP concentrations were not significantly correlated with the total ICS nor any of its partial scores. Anti-IgLON5 antibody CSF titers, but not serum titers, showed a significant inverse correlation with the total ICS (rho = -0.44, p = 0.04). In 26 patients sampled

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4106118 ... t9+e462414